Zsnes Emulator

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4. Bsnes

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ZSNES is an open-source Super Nintendo Entertainment System emulator written in x86 assembly, C, and C++. Bleeding with cutting edge SNES emulation, ZSNES is easily comparable to other leading SNES emulators, such as Snes9x, SNEeSe, Super Sleuth, and bsnes.

Special thanks to the Snes9x team for all of their help and also for the excellent SNES emulator they have developed. We wish them the very best of luck!

The ZSNES GUI ZSNES uses a custom GUI, introduced in v0.600. You can move the ZSNES window either by clicking and dragging its title bar, or right-clicking anywhere in the ZSNES window and dragging. You can move dialogs within ZSNES by clicking and dragging their respective title bars.

Disclaimer

The ZSNES Development Team, including all developers and contributors, is in no way responsible for any damage caused by the use of this software. Please read the license for more details.

Due to legal issues, the ZSNES Development Team can provide you neither with ROMs nor links to them. In addition, ZSNES may not be distributed with ROM images. However, as with many cases like this, Google is your friend.

There are still many bugs left in ZSNES, so don't expect it to run all your favorite games. If ZSNES doesn't work for you, then don't use it. Use Snes9x, SNEeSe, Super Sleuth, or bsnes instead! In fact, even if you use ZSNES, use those emulators too!

Current Progress

The following are implemented

• Complete 65816 instruction set
• SRAM support
• LoROM and HiROM support
• SlowROM and FastROM support
• Full DMA support
• HIRQ/VIRQ/NMI Interrupts
• Support for several SNES file formats (SMC, SFC, SWC, FIG, MGD, MGH, UFO, BIN, GD3, GD7, DX2, USA, EUR, JAP, AUS, ST, BS, 048, 058, 078,), including split files (1, 2, 3; A, B, C)
• Interleaved format support (except SuperFX games)
• PAL/NTSC timing support

Graphics engines (PPUs)

The following are implemented in both graphics engines, all color modes:

• Graphic modes 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
• 8x8, 16x16, 32x32, and 64x64 sprite support (flipped in all directions)
• 8x8 and 16x16 tiles
• 32x32,64x32,32x64,64x64 tile modes
• Full HDMA effects for wavy backgrounds, interesting mode 7 effects, etc.
• Mode 7 rotating and scaling effects
• BG priorities
• Sprite priorities
• Add/sub of back area
• Mosaic effects

• See all SNES emulators and play your favorite Super Nintendo Entertainment System games on PC or phone using emulators such as OpenEmu, higan, Mednafen, Mednafen.
• Snes9x is a Super Nintendo emulator for Windows that lets Microsoft OS users enjoy the full back catalog of one of the best consoles ever. We're talking about titles likes Super Mario Bros. 3, The Legend of Zelda, A Link to the Past, Final Fantasy VI, Chronno Trigger, Donkey Kong Country, Secret of Mana, Super Metroid and Killer Instinct, among many others.

About the old graphics engine:

• Line engine
• Missing lots of windowing and DMA effects
• More accurate at drawing some things
• 13-bit color rendering. (This is a compromise between color accuracy and speed. Not all transparencies will work correctly with this engine.)

What's available in the old graphics engine when using an 8-bit color video mode:

• Offset per tile mode (mode 2/vertical only)
• High-res 512 horizontal resolution (missing in 16x16)
• Single and dual windowing routines

What's available in the old graphics engine when using a 16-bit color video mode:

• Palette changing in the middle of a screen
• Screen addition (full and half)
• Screen subtraction (full)
• Fixed color addition/subtraction
• Window clipping for fixed color

About the new graphics engine:

• Tile engine
• Nearly complete engine with a few bugs
• Can draw mostly everything on the SNES
• 15-bit coloring

What's available in the new graphics engine when using an 8-bit color video mode:

• Offset per tile mode (mode 2/vertical only, mode 4)
• High res 512 resolution and 448/478 vertical resolution
• Windowing effects
• High resolution mode 7 (only in 640x480x256 video mode; active when all other video filters are disabled)

What's available in the new graphics engine when using a 16-bit color video mode:

• All of old graphics engine 16-bit
• High resolution mode 7
• High resolution 16x16 tiles for mode 5
• Full 15-bit color transparencies for improved picture quality (MMX compatible CPUs only)

The following are present in sound:

• 16-bit digital stereo sound
• SPC700 Sound CPU
• DSP Sound Processor
  • Echo effects
  • FIR filter
  • ADSR volume effects
  • GAIN volume effects
  • Noise effects
  • Pitch modulation

The following special input devices are emulated:

• Super NES Mouse (missing some features, such as speed settings)
• Automatic configuration via NSRT headers

The following special cartridge processors are emulated, in whole or in part:

The following add-on devices are emulated:

The following features are missing:

• Pseudo 512 SNES horizontal resolution (no games are known to use this)
• Some modes in offset per tile mode
• Some direct color modes (no games are known to use these)

What will not run (or not play properly):

Please read our statement on game compatibility.

• Some SuperFX games (regardless of interleave status)
• Interleaved SuperFX games (deinterleave them with NSRT)
• Some Broadcast Satellaview (BS-X) games
• Games with unknown co-processors
• Games that don't have a valid header
• Games that hit a severe bug in the 65816/PPU/SPC700/DSP routines
• Games that require special timing

Extra Features

• Support for save states, including rewinding
• Extensive movie recording and dumping features
• Many emulation speed options, including automatic frame skipping to compensate for slower machines
• Full cheat code support (including Game Genie, Pro Action Replay, and GoldFinger)
• Automatic IPS soft-patching (including up to 11 sequential patches)

• Custom-built GUI with many time-saving features
• Support for loading Zip, gZip, and JMA-compressed ROMs
• Support for input from keyboards, joysticks, and gamepads, as well as a key combination editor
• Many video output options, including graphics-enhancing filters
• Highly configurable sound output options

• Netplay (currently disabled)

• User-editable configuration files
• Accepts command-line arguments

System Requirements

Supported operating systems

Official Ports

• Win port: Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/2000/XP/2003/Vista
• SDL port: Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, or Xbox running Linux
• DOS port: Microsoft DOS (may work on other non-MS DOSes)

Un-Official Ports

• ZsnexBox: Microsoft Xbox (native)

CPU requirements

ZSNES absolutely requires a 100% x86-compatible processor. You probably already meet this requirement. Most consumer-grade processors sold by Intel and AMD use the x86 instruction set.

Because much of ZSNES' source code is written in x86 assembly, it will only run on processors that are 100% x86 compatible. 'Ports' to other architectures are impossible; we recommend Snes9x as the SNES emulator of choice for portability.

Playing a special chip game will significantly increase CPU usage. For these games, you may require a processor faster than those listed below.

Free space requirements

The program files alone require about 1MB. The amount of disk space required for other files varies greatly. For example, uncompressed ROMs(not included!) require 256KB-6144KB each. Save states typically require about 270KB each; however, this can increase up to an additional 200KB for special chip games.

Win Port

• OS: Windows 95/98/ME
  • CPU: Pentium II (or equivalent) 233MHz (500MHz recommended)
  • RAM: 32MB (64MB recommended)
• OS: Windows 2000/XP/2003/Vista
  • CPU: Pentium II (or equivalent) 266MHz (500MHz recommended)
  • RAM: 64MB of RAM (128MB recommended)
• API:DirectX v8.0a or later must be installed
• Video: any video card that supports DirectDraw (acceleration recommended)
• Sound: any sound card that supports DirectSound (acceleration recommended)

SDL Port

• OS: Linux, BSD, or Mac OS X
• CPU: 266MHz (500MHz recommended, especially if using X)
• RAM: 32MB (64MB recommended; more if SDL is compiled to use X)
• API:SDL v1.20 or later
• Video: almost any video card will work (hardware OpenGL support and acceleration highly recommended)
• Sound: any sound card supported by SDL (using ALSA or OSS)

DOS Port

• OS: Microsoft DOS (some non-MS DOSes may work)
• CPU: Pentium II (or equivalent) 233MHz
• RAM: 32MB (minimum of 17MB free, required for loading 48mbit ROMs)
• Video: VGA card
  • For 16-bit color and therefore proper support of transparencies, an SVGA card with VESA 2 and Linear Frame Buffer support is required.
  • You may be able to use Scitech Display Doctor to enable VESA 2 support on some cards that don't already support it.
• Sound: Sound Blaster Pro or 100% compatible (SB16 or 100% compatible recommended)

These system requirements assume you are running the DOS port under pure DOS. If you are using the DOS port from within Windows, the CPU and RAM requirements will be the same as for the Win port.

Installation

Win/DOS Port

Installation:

1. Download the latest version of ZSNES from ZSNES.com. The file you download is an archive containing the ZSNES binary file and documentation.
2. Extract the contents of the archive into a new folder on your hard drive. Do not simply overwrite an older version of ZSNES.
3. You can now run ZSNES by executing the ZSNES binary, named zsnesw.exe (Windows) or zsnes.exe (DOS). ZSNES is not packaged with an installer, so there will be no entry in the Windows Start Menu.

Note: In Windows, you can create a shortcut to ZSNES to make it easier to open the program. Right-click on the zsnesw.exe icon to bring up the context menu, and left-click Create Shortcut. A shortcut to the executable file will appear in the folder. You can now move the newly-created shortcut to your Desktop or Start Menu. Opening the shortcut will run ZSNES from its original location.

Re-Installation / Reset to default settings:

If you find that you are experiencing a number of unexplained errors in ZSNES, or if you wish to reset all settings back to their defaults, simply delete the configuration files that were generated by ZSNES the first time you ran the program.

Un-Installation:

If you wish to uninstall ZSNES, simply delete the entire folder (and thus, all files contained within) into which you installed ZSNES (as described in Step 2 of Installation, above).

-or-

If you have since put additional files (such as ROMs) into your ZSNES install folder, and do not wish to delete or move them, you will have to delete the individual ZSNES files. Please refer to the Files section for information on individual files and file types related to ZSNES. You will also need to delete the docs folder.

Note: ZSNES does not use the Windows registry, nor does it generate 'hidden' configuration files all over your system.

SDL Port / Compiling from source

• Download the latest source release of ZSNES from ZSNES.com.
• After unpacking, navigate to the src directory and run the following commands:
  • ./configure --enable-release
  • make
  And as root:
  • make install
• Other, more detailed instructions are provided in the docs/install.txt file.

Un-Installation:

If you wish to uninstall ZSNES, you can run make uninstall as root if you still have your Makefile.

Otherwise, you will need to navigate to /usr/local/bin and delete zsnes. Then navigate to /usr/local/man/man1 and delete zsnes.1. Or just delete the man1 directory if you have nothing else in it.

You will need root access to perform the above actions.

You will also need to delete ~/.zsnes or ~/Library/Application Support/ZSNES in Mac OS X. Do note that various files are saved in here by default (such as game saves); be sure to back them up if you want to keep them.

Basic Usage

1. Install ZSNES.
2. Run ZSNES.
   • If you're using Windows, double-click on the executable file.
   • If you're using DOS, navigate to the ZSNES installation folder and type zsnes.exe at the command line.
3. Configure the input settings (Config Menu -> Input) as desired, or use the default settings.
4. Configure the video settings (Config Menu -> Video) as desired, or use the default settings.
5. Configure path settings (Config Menu -> Paths) if you don't want all the automatically generated files going into the same directories as your ROMs.
6. Load a game (Game Menu -> Load) and start playing.
7. When you are ready to stop playing, you have a number of choices to save your game.
   • If your game has its own native save function, just use it.
   • If your game does not have a save function, or you are at a point in the game where you can't save, you can create a save state. Do this by pressing F2.
8. After you save your game:
   • You can load a new game using the same steps as above, or
   • Exit the emulator by going to Game Menu -> Quit.
9. When you are ready to return to a previously saved game, just re-load that game.
   • Load an in-game save in the normal way.
   • If you saved a state, you can load that state by pressing F4.

This section only covers very basic usage. Please read the entire documentation for more information.

Default Keys

Game Keys

You can change the default keys for the standard SNES controller under Config->Input.

You can change the default keys for special input devices under Config->Devices.

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The special input devices just use input from your mouse for movement and aiming.

Emulator Keys

Note: Besides these default keys, there are many other keys that you can configure in the GUI.

Save States

Warning: If you care about your progress in a game, remember to use in-game saves regularly! Do not rely solely on save states!

When you 'save a state,' ZSNES creates a file that contains the values of all the variables that change while ZSNES is emulating a game. These values are specific to the exact moment that you saved the state. You can then load a save state at a later time, thus returning ZSNES to the exact point in the game when you saved the state originally. This allows you to save your progress at a point that might not normally be possible with in-game saves, or in games that don't have in-game saves at all.

Save states are typically not compatible between emulators, and sometimes not even between different versions of the same emulator, often due to internal core changes. In fact, it should be noted that save states created prior to v0.600 of ZSNES will not work in current versions.

To remedy this problem, first load the state in any version of ZSNES from v0.600 to v1.42. Then, immediately after loading, save another state. The new state you just created should (hopefully) load correctly in ZSNES v1.50 and higher.

Since ZSNES does not support save states created by any other SNES emulator, you can instead use the emulator-independent SRAM (.srm) data to transfer game progress from one emulator to another.

Each ZSNES save state is approximately 270KB in size. Special chip games may require an additional 200KB, however.

How to Use Save States

You can create and load save states using the GUI.

It's much easier to just use the default quick keys for these features. Press F2 to save, F4 to load, and F3 to open the save state slot chooser (with graphical preview). However, if you don't like that method, many other save and load techniques are available.

Configure general save behavior under Config->Saves. Configure save paths under Config->Paths.

Movies

Warning: Playing back a previously recorded movie will overwrite any SRAM data for the current game with the SRAM data contained in the ZMV file. This means you should enable Do Not Save SRAM when playing around with movies!!

Note that re-recording, chapters, and appending will not work with movies recorded in the old ZMV format (movies made prior to ZSNES v1.50). Build a jeep grand cherokee.

For descriptions of the Movie Options dialog, please refer to the GUI page.

About Movies

The ZSNES movie format (ZMV) has been completely rewritten and is now better and more feature-rich than before, with the most capabilities yet implemented in an emulator. Three of the most notable new features are re-recording, dumping ZMVs to AVI, and movie subtitles, described below.

A movie file consists of a save state, SRAM data (when applicable), and the recorded controller data, as well as any chapters (states) that have been inserted. It also keeps track of a few other things which are negligible with regard to the overall filesize. Movie files should record at less than 1KB/minute (60KB/hour).

ZSNES should be able to record most actions you can do with a real SNES, including resetting. During playback, the game will reset just as you did during recording.

Limitations

You cannot record games that use the Konami Justifier special input device. Lethal Enforcers is the only game known to require this device.

You cannot record games while using Netplay.

You should be able to record ZSNES movies for all game types; however, ZMVs are heavily dependant on save states, so any games that exhibit problems while using save states will also exhibit problems when recording and playing movies.

For best results, you should play back movies with the same version of ZSNES that was used to record them. Otherwise, keypresses may become desynchronized from the emulation playback.

Re-Recording

You do not have to do everything perfectly the first time you record a movie. ZSNES allows you to re-record parts of a movie, inserting the newly recorded parts seamlessly into the previously recorded parts. You can accomplish this in a number of ways:

• While playing back a movie, start recording again.
• Use save states while recording movies. Loading the states will allow you to re-record.
• You can use the rewind key to go back in movies. The rewind key can be configured under the Config->Saves menu.

Chapters

You can insert chapters into your movies, to which you can seek during movie playback.

You are limited to 65535 (2¹⁶-1) chapters created during recording, in addition to 65535 (2¹⁶-1) created during playback.

Subtitles

Subtitles allow you to create a short message that will be visible on-screen during playback of a movie.

1. Create an empty file in your save directory (or wherever your movies are saved).
2. The subtitle file must be named in the following manner:
   • Subtitle file name = ZMV file name = ROM file name. (Example: smw.sfc (Super Mario World ROM), smw.zmv, smw.sub).
   • If you are using movie slot 0, file extension = .sub.
   • If you are using movie slot 1 through 9, change the last letter of the extension to match the movie slot you are using. (Example: slot 1 = .su1, slot 5 = .su5, slot 9 = .su9).
3. For each subtitle you want in the movie, add a new line to the subtitle file, with the following information:
   • Start Frame:Frame Duration:Message
   • For example: 10:100:Beating the Last Boss without the quotes. In this example, the message 'Beating the Last Boss' will appear in the tenth frame and stay visible for 100 frames (thus, until the 110th frame).
   • ZSNES can display only one subtitle at a time. So make sure that the start frame for the next subtitle is not during the duration time of the previous subtitle. You must also list your subtitles sequentially for all of them to be played (they cannot be out of order).
   • ZSNES can display a maximum of 34 characters (of a subtitle message) across the width of the screen.
4. Now save your new subtitle file. Open ZSNES, play a movie, and you should see your subtitles appear!

Movie Dumping

See the Movie Dumping section of the Advanced Usage page for more information.

IPS Patching

IPS patches are files that are applied to an original ROM, which change the programming of the ROM in some way. They are primarily used to translate ROMs into another language; however, they can be used for a variety of purposes. Visit Romhacking.net for more information about translations and ROM hacks.

ZSNES has the ability to automatically 'soft-patch' a ROM. This means that after ZSNES loads a ROM into its memory, it will apply the IPS patch to the in-memory ROM data, not the ROM file on your hard disk. This eliminates the need to keep two copies of a ROM: the original, and the patched.

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Applying a single IPS file to a ROM:

1. Make sure Enable Auto-Patch is checked in Config->Options.
2. The IPS file must be either in your Saves directory or in the same directory as the ROM.
3. The IPS file and the ROM file must have matching filenames. For example, SD3.sfc and SD3.ips. If your ROM file is compressed, the IPS file must match the compressed filename. For example, if you have the file SD3.sfc compressed inside the file Seiken Densetsu 3 (J).zip, the IPS file must be named Seiken Densetsu 3 (J).ips.
4. If you meet the above three conditions, just load your ROM file as normal, and ZSNES should automatically patch the IPS file to the in-memory ROM. Remember, your original ROM file will not be changed.
5. If you have done everything outlined in the steps above, and your game does not appear to be working, refer to the FAQ.

Applying multiple IPS files to a ROM:

ZSNES has the ability to apply up to eleven separate IPS files to the same ROM file. You must give each IPS file a specific extension to tell ZSNES in what order to apply them. Aside from changing the extension of the IPS files, just follow the directions above.

ZSNES will not apply non-sequentially extensioned IPS files. This means that if you have three IPS files, named patch.ips, patch.ip0, and patch.ip6, ZSNES will only apply the first two.

Please remember that the order in which you apply the IPS patches may be important. Applying the patches in the wrong order may result in strange bugs, or even an unplayable game. Please refer to the documentation that accompanied your IPS file.

Alternative method of applying IPS files to compressed ROMs:

The simplest method of applying an IPS file to a compressed ROM is to simply place the IPS file in the same archive as the ROM. The filename of the IPS file does not have to match the compressed or uncompressed filename of the ROM. Do not add more than one IPS file of a given extension to an archive. Results can be unpredictable as to which of the same-extension IPS files will be applied to the ROM.

If your ROM is compressed, ZSNES will first look for IPS files inside the archive. If it finds any, it will only load IPS files from inside the archive, and will not look anywhere else. Otherwise, ZSNES looks in the Saves directory and the same directory as the ROM.

Cheat Codes

Currently, ZSNES supports Game Genie, Pro Action Replay, and GoldFinger codes.

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How to use cheat codes:

1. Load the ROM to which you want to apply cheats.
2. Press ESC to toggle the GUI. Open the Add Code dialog from the Cheat Menu. You can enter up to 255 codes for each game.
3. After adding your codes, press ESC until you are back to your game.

To use a multi-line cheat code, just enter each line as a separate code!

How to use .cht files:

Place the .cht file into the same directory as the ROM, or into your Saves folder. The .cht file must be named according to the normal naming rules.

Troubleshooting Cheat Codes

• Try using the Fix button in the Browse Cheats dialog.
• Some codes are meant to be used with different versions of the same game. If a cheat code doesn't work and there is one for both Game Genie and Pro Action Replay, try them both.
• Remember that Game Genie codes require the - (dashes).
• Try resetting the game. Any code for a game that mentions a term similar to 'Start with' means that the game must be reset in order to take effect.
• If you are having a hard time with comparative searches, make sure to delete the tmpchtsr.___ file in your ZSNES directory.

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Files

This section attempts to explain the various files that are created, loaded, or used by ZSNES.

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Most of the data files that are specific to individual ROMs are named in the following manner:

• The filename of the data file is the same as the filename of the ROM from which it was created.
• The file extension of the data file changes, depending on the following:
  • If there are no 'slots' for the data file, then it is just the normal file extension (srm, bmp, png, raw, cht, cmb, cfg, txt).
  • If you are using slot 0, then it is just the normal file extension (zst, zmv, sub, ips, spc).
  • If you are using slots 1-9, then the last letter of the file extension changes to match the slot number (zs1-zs9).
  • If you are using slots 10-99, then the last two letters of the file extension change to match the slot number (z10-z99).

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